ElasticSearch - SpringBoot整合ES之全文搜索匹配查询 match

官方文档地址：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/index.html
权威指南：https://www.elastic.co/guide/cn/elasticsearch/guide/current/structured-search.html

1. 数据准备

官方测试数据下载地址：https://download.elastic.co/demos/kibana/gettingstarted/accounts.zip ，数据量很大，我们自己构造数据吧。

PUT /user/_doc/1
{"first_name" : "John","last_name" :  "Smith","age" :        25,"about" :      "I love to go rock climbing","interests": [ "sports"]
}PUT /user/_doc/2
{"first_name" : "zhangsan","last_name" :  "Smith","age" :        19,"about" :      "我是一个安静的人","interests": [ "read" ]
}PUT /user/_doc/3
{"first_name" : "lisi","last_name" :  "Alice","age" :        29,"about" :      "我喜欢规划自己的生活","interests": [ "sports", "read","music" ]
}

2. match 匹配查询

在匹配之前分析提供的文本，返回与提供的文本、数字、日期或布尔值匹配的文档。 该match查询是执行全文搜索的标准查询，包括模糊匹配选项。

1. 全文检索

① 底层分词器会对查询文本分词，匹配about字段中含有go或者含有rock的文档：

GET /user/_search
{"query": {"match" : {"about" : {"query" : "go rock"}}}
}

② 对应的Java调用：

@Slf4j
@Service
public class ElasticSearchImpl {@Autowiredprivate RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient;public void searchUser() throws IOException {SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();MatchQueryBuilder matchQueryBuilder = new MatchQueryBuilder("about","go rock");searchSourceBuilder.query(matchQueryBuilder);SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(new String[]{"user"},searchSourceBuilder);SearchResponse searchResponse = restHighLevelClient.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(searchResponse);}
}

③ 查询的结果：

{"took" : 4,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 7,"successful" : 7,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 1,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 1.464436,"hits" : [{"_index" : "user","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "1","_score" : 1.464436,"_source" : {"first_name" : "John","last_name" : "Smith","age" : 25,"about" : "I love to go rock climbing","interests" : ["sports"]}}]}
}

2. 简化查询DSL语句

GET /user/_search
{"query": {"match" : {"about" : {"query" : "我是一个"}}}
}

可以简化查询为：

GET /user/_search
{"query": {"match" : {"about" : "我是一个"}}
}

{"took" : 25,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 7,"successful" : 7,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 2,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 2.8478274,"hits" : [{"_index" : "user","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "2","_score" : 2.8478274,"_source" : {"first_name" : "zhangsan","last_name" : "Smith","age" : 19,"about" : "我是一个安静的人","interests" : ["read"]}},{"_index" : "user","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "3","_score" : 0.6810339,"_source" : {"first_name" : "lisi","last_name" : "Alice","age" : 29,"about" : "我喜欢规划自己的生活","interests" : ["sports","read","music"]}}]}
}

3. match 匹配查询原理

查询match的类型为boolean。这意味着对提供的文本进行了分析，分析过程根据提供的文本构造了一个布尔查询。该operator参数可以设置为or或and 来控制布尔子句（默认为or），如果为and代表所有字段都要匹配，如果为or代表匹配分词后的任何一个词。

① 带有operator参数and搜索条件，匹配的文档需要包含文本的所有分词，少一个都不行：

GET /user/_search
{"query": {"match" : {"about" : {"query" : "是一安静个我","operator" : "and"}}}
}

@Slf4j
@Service
public class ElasticSearchImpl {@Autowiredprivate RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient;public void searchUser() throws IOException {SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();MatchQueryBuilder matchQueryBuilder = new MatchQueryBuilder("about","是一安静个我");// 设置Operator参数matchQueryBuilder.operator(Operator.AND);searchSourceBuilder.query(matchQueryBuilder);SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(new String[]{"user"},searchSourceBuilder);SearchResponse searchResponse = restHighLevelClient.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(searchResponse);}
}

{"took" : 2,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 1,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 2.8478274,"hits" : [{"_index" : "user","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "2","_score" : 2.8478274,"_source" : {"first_name" : "zhangsan","last_name" : "Smith","age" : 19,"about" : "我是一个安静的人","interests" : ["read"]}}]}
}

② 带有operator参数or搜索条件，匹配的文档需要包含文本的任意一个分词：

GET /user/_search
{"query": {"match" : {"about" : "是一个我"}}
}

@Slf4j
@Service
public class ElasticSearchImpl {@Autowiredprivate RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient;public void searchUser() throws IOException {SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();MatchQueryBuilder matchQueryBuilder = new MatchQueryBuilder("about","是一个我");// 设置Operator参数matchQueryBuilder.operator(Operator.OR);searchSourceBuilder.query(matchQueryBuilder);SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest(new String[]{"user"},searchSourceBuilder);SearchResponse searchResponse = restHighLevelClient.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(searchResponse);}
}

{"took" : 29,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 2,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 2.8478274,"hits" : [{"_index" : "user","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "2","_score" : 2.8478274,"_source" : {"first_name" : "zhangsan","last_name" : "Smith","age" : 19,"about" : "我是一个安静的人","interests" : ["read"]}},{"_index" : "user","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "3","_score" : 0.6810339,"_source" : {"first_name" : "lisi","last_name" : "Alice","age" : 29,"about" : "我喜欢规划自己的生活","interests" : ["sports","read","music"]}}]}
}