安卓(android)订餐菜单【Android移动开发基础案例教程（第2版）黑马程序员】

一、实验目的（如果代码有错漏，可查看源码）

1.掌握Activity生命周的每个方法。

2.掌握Activity的创建、配置、启动和关闭。

3.掌握Intent和IntentFilter的使用。

4.掌握Activity之间的跳转方式、任务栈和四种启动模式。

5.掌握在Activity中添加和使用Fragment。

二、实验条件

1.熟悉Java编程语言；了解Android应用程序的基本结构；掌握XML布局文件的编写；了解Activity和Fragment的基本概念。

2.其他准备：准备好菜单项的图片资源；设计好菜单的数据结构和内容。

三、实验内容

1.搭建菜单界面布局：搭建左侧菜单栏界面布局；搭建右侧菜单列表界面布局；搭建菜单列表界面的条目布局。

2.实现菜单界面功能：封装菜品信息的实体类；加载左侧菜单栏界面布局；编写菜单列表的适配器；加载右侧菜单栏界面布局；实现显示菜单的效果。

3.运行程序：运行程序，显示推荐选项的界面效果；点击“进店必买选项”，显示其对应的界面效果。

4实验过程使用的图片如下：

四、实验指导

1.搭建菜单界面布局

(1)订单菜单界面主要包含三部分：顶部导航栏、左侧菜单栏和右侧菜单列表。搭建界面布局的步骤：

①创建项目程序，导入图片资源素材;

②在res→values目录下创建colors.xml文件，添加颜色定义代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources><color name="purple_200">#FFBB86FC</color><color name="purple_500">#FF6200EE</color><color name="purple_700">#FF3700B3</color><color name="teal_200">#FF03DAC5</color><color name="teal_700">#FF018786</color><color name="black">#FF000000</color><color name="white">#FFFFFFFF</color><color name="dark_gray">#626262</color><color name="gray">#f7f8f9</color></resources>

③在res→values目录下创建styles.xml文件，定义文本样式代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources><style name="tvNavigationBarStyles"><item name="android:layout_width">wrap_content</item><item name="android:layout_height">wrap_content</item><item name="android:layout_marginLeft">25dp</item><item name="android:layout_marginTop">4dp</item><item name="android:textSize">16sp</item></style><style name="tvleftStyles"><item name="android:layout_width">100dp</item><item name="android:layout_height">40dp</item><item name="android:gravity">center</item><item name="android:textColor">@color/dark_gray</item><item name="android:textSize">16sp</item></style></resources>

④在res→layout目录下，在activity_main.xml中添加界面控件;创建left_layout.xml完成搭建左侧菜单栏布局;创建right_layout.xml文件搭建右侧菜单栏布局;创建list_item.xml完成创建listview的条目布局界面，并修改默认标题栏。

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:id="@+id/main"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:background="@color/white"android:orientation="vertical"tools:context=".MainActivity"><RelativeLayoutandroid:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="50dp"android:layout_marginBottom="4dp"android:gravity="center_vertical"><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/tv_order"style="@style/tvNavigationBarStyles"android:textColor="@color/black"android:text="点菜"/><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/tv_discuss"android:layout_toRightOf="@id/tv_order"style="@style/tvNavigationBarStyles"android:textColor="@color/dark_gray"android:text="评价"/><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/tv_business"style="@style/tvNavigationBarStyles"android:textColor="@color/black"android:layout_toRightOf="@id/tv_discuss"android:text="商家"/><TextViewandroid:layout_width="70dp"android:layout_height="30dp"android:textSize="12sp"android:layout_alignParentRight="true"android:layout_marginRight="15dp"android:background="@drawable/left"android:gravity="center"android:textColor="#ef842c"android:text="好友拼单"/></RelativeLayout><LinearLayoutandroid:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:orientation="horizontal"><fragmentandroid:id="@+id/left"android:name="cn.itcast.menu.LeftFragment"android:layout_width="0dp"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:layout_weight="1"tools:layout="@layout/left_layout"/><fragmentandroid:id="@+id/right"android:name="cn.itcast.menu.RightFragment"android:layout_width="0dp"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:layout_weight="3"tools:layout="@layout/right_layout"/></LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

list_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:orientation="horizontal"android:padding="5dp"><ImageViewandroid:id="@+id/iv_img"android:layout_width="70dp"android:layout_height="70dp"/><LinearLayoutandroid:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_marginLeft="8dp"android:layout_marginRight="8dp"android:orientation="vertical"><TextViewandroid:textSize="14sp"android:padding="2dp"android:id="@+id/tv_name"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"/><TextViewandroid:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:textColor="#868788"android:id="@+id/tv_sale"android:textSize="12sp"/><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/tv_price"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_marginTop="2dp"android:textSize="12sp"/></LinearLayout></LinearLayout>

left_layout.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:orientation="vertical"><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/tv_recommend"style="@style/tvleftStyles"android:background="@color/white"android:text="推荐" /><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/tv_must_buy"style="@style/tvleftStyles"android:text="进店必买"/></LinearLayout>

right_layout.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:orientation="vertical"><ListViewandroid:id="@+id/lv_list"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:divider="@null"/></LinearLayout>

2.实现菜单界面功能

(1)封装菜品信息实体类FoodBean：

package cn.itcast.menu;public class FoodBean {private static final long serialVersionUID=1L;private String name;private String sales;private String price;private int img;public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getSales() {return sales;}public void setSales(String sales) {this.sales = sales;}public String getPrice() {return price;}public void setPrice(String price) {this.price = price;}public int getImg() {return img;}public void setImg(int img) {this.img = img;}}

(2)加载左侧菜单栏界面布局,在LeftFragment.java中代码实现如下:

package cn.itcast.menu;import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
public class LeftFragment extends Fragment {@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);}@Overridepublic View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {View view =inflater.inflate(R.layout.left_layout,container,false);return view;}@Overridepublic void onPause() {super.onPause();}
}

(3)通过ListView实现菜单列表，编写其对应的适配器RightAdapter.java。

package cn.itcast.menu;import android.content.Context;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.util.List;public class RightAdapter extends BaseAdapter {private Context mContext;private List<FoodBean> list;public RightAdapter(Context context , List<FoodBean>list){this.mContext=context;this.list=list;}@Overridepublic int getCount() {return list.size();}@Overridepublic Object getItem(int position) {return list.get(position);}@Overridepublic long getItemId(int position) {return position;}@Overridepublic View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {ViewHolder holder=null;if(convertView==null){convertView=View.inflate(mContext,R.layout.list_item,null);holder= new ViewHolder();holder.tv_name=convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);holder.tv_sale=convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_sale);holder.tv_price=convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_price);holder.iv_img=convertView.findViewById(R.id.iv_img);convertView.setTag(holder);}else {holder=(ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();}FoodBean bean=list.get(position);holder.tv_name.setText(bean.getName());holder.tv_sale.setText(bean.getSales());holder.tv_price.setText(bean.getPrice());holder.iv_img.setBackgroundResource(bean.getImg());return convertView;}class ViewHolder{TextView tv_name,tv_sale,tv_price;ImageView iv_img;}
}

(4)创建右侧Fragment来显示菜单栏列表信息，具体实现代码如下：

package cn.itcast.menu;import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ListView;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;public class RightFragment extends Fragment {private ListView lv_list;public RightFragment() {}public RightFragment getInstance(List<FoodBean> list) {RightFragment rightFragment = new RightFragment();Bundle bundle = new Bundle();bundle.putSerializable("list", (Serializable) list);rightFragment.setArguments(bundle);return rightFragment;}@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);}@Overridepublic View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.right_layout, container, false);lv_list = view.findViewById(R.id.lv_list);if (getArguments() != null) {List<FoodBean> list = (List<FoodBean>) getArguments().getSerializable("list");RightAdapter adapter = new RightAdapter(getActivity(), list);lv_list.setAdapter(adapter);}return view;}
}

(5)实现显示菜单的效果，在MainActivity.java中定义init()方法、setData()方法、clickEvent()方法和switchData()方法,分别实现初始化界面控件、实现界面控件点击事件和切换右侧菜单列表数据的功能，代码如下：

package cn.itcast.menu;import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {private FragmentManager fragmentManager;private FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction;private Fragment leftFragment;private RightFragment rightFragment;private TextView tv_recommed,tv_must_buy;private String[]names1={"爆款*肥牛鱼豆腐骨肉相连三荤五素一份米饭","豪华双人套餐","【热销】双人套餐（含两份米饭）"};private String[]sales1={"月售520 好评度80%","月售520 好评度80%","月售520 好评度80%"};private String[]prices1={"$23","$41","$32"};private int []imgs1={R.drawable.food1,R.drawable.food2,R.drawable.food3};private String[]names2={"鸿运当头-油焖大虾","金肥牛跃龙门","香甜菠萝咕噜肉"};private String[]sales2={"月售1314 好评度90%","月售999 好评度85%","月售520 好评度80%"};private String[]prices2={"$36","$45","$29"};private int []imgs2={R.drawable.foodd1,R.drawable.foodd2,R.drawable.foodd3};private Map<String, List<FoodBean>> map;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);setData();init();clickEvent();}private void init(){//给主页面左侧的fragment界面控件赋值fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();leftFragment=fragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.left);tv_recommed=findViewById(R.id.tv_recommend);tv_must_buy=findViewById(R.id.tv_must_buy);}private void setData(){//给数据赋值将其全部放在对应的数据集里map=new HashMap<>();List<FoodBean>list1=new ArrayList<>();List<FoodBean>list2=new ArrayList<>();for(int i=0;i<names1.length;i++){FoodBean bean=new FoodBean();bean.setName(names1[i]);bean.setPrice(prices1[i]);bean.setImg(imgs1[i]);bean.setSales(sales1[i]);list1.add(bean);}map.put("1",list1);for(int i=0;i<names2.length;i++){FoodBean bean=new FoodBean();bean.setName(names2[i]);bean.setPrice(prices2[i]);bean.setImg(imgs2[i]);bean.setSales(sales2[i]);list2.add(bean);}map.put("2",list2);}private void clickEvent(){//点击推荐还在必须控件变化颜色，可以增加可适度tv_recommed.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View view) {switchData (map.get("1"));tv_recommed.setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE);}});tv_must_buy.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View view) {switchData (map.get("2"));tv_must_buy.setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE);}});switchData (map.get("1"));}public void switchData(List<FoodBean> list){rightFragment=new RightFragment().getInstance(list);//实例fragmentfragmentManager=getFragmentManager();//获取FragmentManagerfragmentTransaction=getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();//开启事务fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.right,rightFragment);//添加一个FragmentfragmentTransaction.commit();//提交事务}}

五、代码下载地址：

android: 实现注册界面、实现注册界面、饭堂小广播、音乐播放器、记事本、读取手机通讯录、学生管理系统 - Gitee.com