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k8s_入门_kubelet安装

news 2026/2/3 20:08:59

安装

在大致了解了一些k8s的基本概念之后，我们实际部署一个k8s集群，做进一步的了解

1. 裸机安装

采用三台机器，一台机器为Master（控制面板组件）两台机器为Node（工作节点）

机器的准备有两种方式：

VMware虚拟机 centos7操作系统三台
云厂商租用服务器按量付费费用极低用完销毁即可

1.1 设置主机名

# 每个节点分别设置对应主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master
hostnamectl set-hostname node1
hostnamectl set-hostname node2

1.2 修改hosts

# 所有节点都修改 hosts
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.200.104 master
192.168.200.105 node1
192.168.200.106 node2192.168.66.128 master
192.168.66.131 node1
192.168.66.132 node2

1.3 关闭防火墙

# 所有节点关闭 SELinux
setenforce 0
sed -i --follow-symlinks 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

所有节点确保防火墙关闭
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

关闭swap分区：

# 临时关闭
swapoff -a# 永久关闭  
vim /etc/fstab 
#注释下面这行,或使用 sed 命令注释 sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
#/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0# 查看是否关闭成功
free -m
# 若都显示 0 则表示关闭成功，需要重启服务器生效，可以使用 reboot 或 shutdown -r now 命令重启
[root@master ~]# free -mtotal        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3770         305        3115          11         350        3242
Swap:             0           0           0

同步网络时间：

# 如果没有 ntpdate ，使用如下命令安装
# yum install -y ntpdate
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com # 使用
date

1.4 添加安装源

#所有节点
# 添加 k8s 安装源
cat <<EOF > kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
mv kubernetes.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/# 添加 Docker 安装源
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

如果报错 -bash: yum-config-manager: command not found 则运行 yum install -y yum-utils
如果安装 yum-utils 报错 failure: repodata/repomd.xml from kubernetes: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.，则设置 repo_gpgcheck=0

1.5 安装所需组件

Kubectl： Kubectl 管理 Kubernetes 集群命令行工具
kubeadm：Kubeadm 是一个快捷搭建kubernetes(k8s)的安装工具,它提供了kubeadm init 以及kubeadm join这两个命令来快速创建kubernetes集群
kubelet：kubelet 是在每个 Node 节点上运行的主要 “节点代理”。

# 所有节点
yum install -y kubelet-1.23.9 kubectl-1.23.9 kubeadm-1.23.9 docker-ce

1.6 启动

#所有节点
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kubelet

1.8 修改docker配置

# kubernetes 官方推荐 docker 等使用 systemd 作为 cgroupdriver，否则 kubelet 启动不了
cat <<EOF > daemon.json
{"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],"registry-mirrors": ["https://tfm2bi1b.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
mv daemon.json /etc/docker/# 重启生效
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

1.9 kubeadm 初始化集群

#仅在主节点运行 
# 失败了可以用 kubeadm reset 重置
#关闭交互分区
swapoff -a#初始化集群控制台 Control plane
# apiserver-advertise-address： master 节点 IP
# image-repository：镜像仓库地址
# kubernetes-version： 版本号
# pod-network-cidr 和 service-cidr 不清楚如何设置，使用该默认值
# 查看其他默认值可使用命令： kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml 查看默认初始化文件
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.66.133 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version=v1.23.9 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 # 记得把 kubeadm join xxx 保存起来
# 忘记了重新获取：kubeadm token create --print-join-command# 复制授权文件，以便 kubectl 可以有权限访问集群
# 如果你其他节点需要访问集群，需要从主节点复制这个文件过去其他节点
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config# 在其他机器上创建 ~/.kube/config 文件也能通过 kubectl 访问到集群

kubeadm join 192.168.200.101:6443 --token wou8ux.tpfiunjbgrjqy8vz --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f1ae65b2e88427a44cd0883df9739bb13e3bb122227b7a12c4717d68c317cdc8

如果token过期，可以在master 主节点执行 kubeadm token create --print-join-command --ttl=0 ，token 永不过期，获取到新的join命令

1.10 把工作节点加入集群

swapoff -a
kubeadm join 192.168.200.101:6443 --token wou8ux.tpfiunjbgrjqy8vz --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f1ae65b2e88427a44cd0883df9739bb13e3bb122227b7a12c4717d68c317cdc8

1.11 安装网络插件

kube-flannel.yml

---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:name: kube-flannellabels:pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:- ""resources:- podsverbs:- get
- apiGroups:- ""resources:- nodesverbs:- list- watch
- apiGroups:- ""resources:- nodes/statusverbs:- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:name: flannel
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccountname: flannelnamespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: flannelnamespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:name: kube-flannel-cfgnamespace: kube-flannellabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
data:cni-conf.json: |{"name": "cbr0","cniVersion": "0.3.1","plugins": [{"type": "flannel","delegate": {"hairpinMode": true,"isDefaultGateway": true}},{"type": "portmap","capabilities": {"portMappings": true}}]}net-conf.json: |{"Network": "10.244.0.0/16","Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:name: kube-flannel-dsnamespace: kube-flannellabels:tier: nodeapp: flannel
spec:selector:matchLabels:app: flanneltemplate:metadata:labels:tier: nodeapp: flannelspec:affinity:nodeAffinity:requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:nodeSelectorTerms:- matchExpressions:- key: kubernetes.io/osoperator: Invalues:- linuxhostNetwork: truepriorityClassName: system-node-criticaltolerations:- operator: Existseffect: NoScheduleserviceAccountName: flannelinitContainers:- name: install-cni-plugin#image: flannelcni/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.1.0command:- cpargs:- -f- /flannel- /opt/cni/bin/flannelvolumeMounts:- name: cni-pluginmountPath: /opt/cni/bin- name: install-cni#image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.19.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.19.0command:- cpargs:- -f- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflistvolumeMounts:- name: cnimountPath: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/containers:- name: kube-flannel#image: flannelcni/flannel:v0.19.0 for ppc64le and mips64le (dockerhub limitations may apply)image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.19.0command:- /opt/bin/flanneldargs:- --ip-masq- --kube-subnet-mgrresources:requests:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"limits:cpu: "100m"memory: "50Mi"securityContext:privileged: falsecapabilities:add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]env:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespace- name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTHvalue: "5000"volumeMounts:- name: runmountPath: /run/flannel- name: flannel-cfgmountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/- name: xtables-lockmountPath: /run/xtables.lockvolumes:- name: runhostPath:path: /run/flannel- name: cni-pluginhostPath:path: /opt/cni/bin- name: cnihostPath:path: /etc/cni/net.d- name: flannel-cfgconfigMap:name: kube-flannel-cfg- name: xtables-lockhostPath:path: /run/xtables.locktype: FileOrCreate

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

在这里插入图片描述

1.12 安装 dashboard

github地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/，

我们的版本为v1.23 所以安装 2.5.1版本

资料中的kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

执行安装：

kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

资料中dashboard-adminuser.yaml

想要访问dashboard服务，就要有访问权限，创建kubernetes-dashboard管理员角色

kubectl apply -f dashboard-adminuser.yaml

kubectl describe secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard admin-user-token  | grep token | awk 'NR==3{print $2}'

获取到token：

eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ik5nUVQzNjhGS0R6MGlWLU82VnFraEdpRWtCajFnQ1hhVWdfc1Fmbjl3NlEifQ.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.G9zvUV2X_h5lHmk5YF7evjlA78x8EMEpbdVySOijXgIbToHt8XUw5H5YKOMRgEvQ-hVM__BaPAH5MhtcIQLFD7VSr6sXEU3tbBDaPGVEEA8fl4HZh-lLkcGb1OpGmgdmM3-V7W2iere79kD6JDkpq4NzuKDu_-OLyMl2eyBuKunPICeV0KG75rzfglopIqkZ5U6lYdiG9B8Kyk51RIHq6303E-6iGNoSYVfPoqNtxpX3Ws7qitAX5nDJ9X1DLjBSH7TKjeaBxgm7MOF2BJHvIIVSkTv03aXvJZ96yZdEzUlF7fvMEnF7sSsqYBM8k-W1hQG-6J1-6Mn2JkwCAFf8TA

查看服务端口：

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
kubectl describe pod kubernetes-dashboard --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard

kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard

https://192.168.200.101:32000

看到ui界面

出问题可清空一个iptables

systemctl stop kubelet
systemctl stop docker
iptables --flush
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl start docker

[root@node1 ~]# kubeadm init
I0407 11:20:08.423214   12515 version.go:255] remote version is much newer: v1.29.3; falling back to: stable-1.23
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.23.17
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 26.0.0. Latest validated version: 20.10
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.23.17: output: Error response from daemon: Get "https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/": net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
, error: exit status 1[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.23.17: output: Error response from daemon: Get "https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/": dial tcp 74.125.203.82:443: i/o timeout (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
, error: exit status 1[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.23.17: output: Error response from daemon: Get "https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/": context deadline exceeded
, error: exit status 1[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.23.17: output: Error response from daemon: Get "https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/": dial tcp 74.125.203.82:443: i/o timeout
, error: exit status 1[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6: output: Error response from daemon: Get "https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/": context deadline exceeded
, error: exit status 1[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.5.1-0: output: Error response from daemon: Get "https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/": context deadline exceeded
, error: exit status 1[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.6: output: Error response from daemon: Get "https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/": net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
, error: exit status 1

deadline exceeded
, error: exit status 1
[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.5.1-0: output: Error response from daemon: Get “https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/”: context deadline exceeded
, error: exit status 1
[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.6: output: Error response from daemon: Get “https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/”: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
, error: exit status 1

安装