Android获取经纬度的最佳实现方式

Android中获取定位信息的方式有很多种，系统自带的LocationManager，以及第三方厂商提供的一些定位sdk，都能帮助我们获取当前经纬度，但第三方厂商一般都需要申请相关的key，且调用量高时，还会产生资费问题。这里采用LocationManager + FusedLocationProviderClient 的方式进行经纬度的获取，以解决普通场景下获取经纬度和经纬度转换地址的功能。

一，添加定位权限

<!--允许获取精确位置，精准定位必选-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<!--后台获取位置信息，若需后台定位则必选-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" />
<!--用于申请调用A-GPS模块,卫星定位加速-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS" />

二，添加依赖库

    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.6.4'implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.6.2'implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:21.0.1'

三，使用LocationManager获取当前经纬度

获取经纬度时，可根据自己的诉求进行参数自定义，如果对经纬度要求不是很精确的可以自行配置Criteria里面的参数。

获取定位前需要先判断相关的服务是否可用，获取定位的服务其实有很多种选择，因为个人项目对经纬度准确性要求较高，为了保证获取的成功率和准确性，只使用了GPS和网络定位两种，如果在国内还会有基站获取等方式，可以自行修改。

import android.Manifest.permission
import android.location.*
import android.os.Bundle
import android.util.Log
import androidx.annotation.RequiresPermission
import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine
import kotlinx.coroutines.withTimeout
import kotlin.coroutines.resumeobject LocationManagerUtils {val TAG = "LocationManagerUtils"/*** @mLocationManager 传入LocationManager对象* @minDistance  位置变化最小距离：当位置距离变化超过此值时，将更新位置信息（单位：米）* @timeOut 超时时间，如果超时未返回，则直接使用默认值*/@RequiresPermission(anyOf = [permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])suspend  fun getCurrentPosition(mLocationManager: LocationManager,timeOut: Long = 3000,):Location{var locationListener : LocationListener?=nullreturn  try {//超时未返回则直接获取失败，返回默认值withTimeout(timeOut){suspendCancellableCoroutine {continuation ->//获取最佳定位方式，如果获取不到则默认采用网络定位。var bestProvider = mLocationManager.getBestProvider(createCriteria(),true)if (bestProvider.isNullOrEmpty()||bestProvider == "passive"){bestProvider = "network"}Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:bestProvider:${bestProvider}")locationListener = object : LocationListener {override fun onLocationChanged(location: Location) {Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:onCompete:${location.latitude},${location.longitude}")if (continuation.isActive){continuation.resume(location)mLocationManager.removeUpdates(this)}}override fun onProviderDisabled(provider: String) {}override fun onProviderEnabled(provider: String) {}}//开始定位mLocationManager.requestLocationUpdates(bestProvider,1000,0f,locationListener!!)}}}catch (e:Exception){try {locationListener?.let {mLocationManager.removeUpdates(it)}}catch (e:Exception){Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:removeUpdate:${e.message}")}//超时直接返回默认的空对象Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:onError:${e.message}")return createDefaultLocation()}}@RequiresPermission(anyOf = [permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])suspend fun repeatLocation(mLocationManager: LocationManager):Location{return  suspendCancellableCoroutine {continuation ->//获取最佳定位方式，如果获取不到则默认采用网络定位。var bestProvider = mLocationManager.getBestProvider(createCriteria(),true)if (bestProvider.isNullOrEmpty()||bestProvider == "passive"){bestProvider = "network"}Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:bestProvider:${bestProvider}")val locationListener = object : LocationListener {override fun onLocationChanged(location: Location) {Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:onCompete:${location.latitude},${location.longitude}")if (continuation.isActive){continuation.resume(location)}mLocationManager.removeUpdates(this)}override fun onProviderDisabled(provider: String) {}override fun onProviderEnabled(provider: String) {}}//开始定位mLocationManager.requestLocationUpdates(bestProvider,1000, 0f, locationListener)}}@RequiresPermission(anyOf = [permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])fun getLastLocation( mLocationManager: LocationManager): Location {//获取最佳定位方式，如果获取不到则默认采用网络定位。var currentProvider = mLocationManager.getBestProvider(createCriteria(), true)if (currentProvider.isNullOrEmpty()||currentProvider == "passive"){currentProvider = "network"}return mLocationManager.getLastKnownLocation(currentProvider) ?: createDefaultLocation()}//创建定位默认值fun createDefaultLocation():Location{val location = Location("network")location.longitude = 0.0location.latitude = 0.0return location}private fun createCriteria():Criteria{return  Criteria().apply {accuracy = Criteria.ACCURACY_FINEisAltitudeRequired = falseisBearingRequired = falseisCostAllowed = truepowerRequirement = Criteria.POWER_HIGHisSpeedRequired = false}}///定位是否可用fun checkLocationManagerAvailable(mLocationManager: LocationManager):Boolean{return mLocationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)||mLocationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)}
}

二，使用FusedLocationProviderClient

在获取经纬度时会出现各种异常的场景，会导致成功的回调一直无法触发，这里使用了协程，如果超过指定超时时间未返回，则直接默认为获取失败，进行下一步的处理。

import android.Manifest
import android.app.Activity
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Context.LOCATION_SERVICE
import android.content.Intent
import android.location.Geocoder
import android.location.Location
import android.location.LocationManager
import android.provider.Settings
import android.util.Log
import androidx.annotation.RequiresPermission
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationServices
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import kotlinx.coroutines.withTimeout
import java.io.IOException
import java.util.*
import kotlin.coroutines.resumeobject FusedLocationProviderUtils {val TAG = "FusedLocationUtils"@RequiresPermission(anyOf = ["android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", "android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"])suspend  fun checkFusedLocationProviderAvailable(fusedLocationClient: FusedLocationProviderClient):Boolean{return  try {withTimeout(1000){suspendCancellableCoroutine { continuation ->fusedLocationClient.locationAvailability.addOnFailureListener {Log.d(TAG, "locationAvailability:addOnFailureListener:${it.message}")if (continuation.isActive){continuation.resume(false)}}.addOnSuccessListener {Log.d(TAG, "locationAvailability:addOnSuccessListener:${it.isLocationAvailable}")if (continuation.isActive){continuation.resume(it.isLocationAvailable)}}}}}catch (e:Exception){return false}}///获取最后已知的定位信息@RequiresPermission(anyOf = ["android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", "android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"])suspend fun getLastLocation(fusedLocationClient: FusedLocationProviderClient):Location{return  suspendCancellableCoroutine {continuation ->fusedLocationClient.lastLocation.addOnSuccessListener {if (continuation.isActive){Log.d(TAG, "current location success:$it")if (it != null){continuation.resume(it)}else{continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())}}}.addOnFailureListener {continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())}}}/*** 获取当前定位，需要申请定位权限**/@RequiresPermission(anyOf = ["android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", "android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"])suspend fun getCurrentPosition(fusedLocationClient: FusedLocationProviderClient): Location {return suspendCancellableCoroutine {continuation ->fusedLocationClient.getCurrentLocation(createLocationRequest(),object : CancellationToken(){override fun onCanceledRequested(p0: OnTokenCanceledListener): CancellationToken {return CancellationTokenSource().token}override fun isCancellationRequested(): Boolean {return false}}).addOnSuccessListener {if (continuation.isActive){Log.d(TAG, "current location success:$it")if (it != null){continuation.resume(it)}else{continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())}}}.addOnFailureListener {Log.d(TAG, "current location fail:$it")if (continuation.isActive){continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())}}.addOnCanceledListener {Log.d(TAG, "current location cancel:")if (continuation.isActive){continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())}}}}//创建当前LocationRequest对象private fun createLocationRequest():CurrentLocationRequest{return CurrentLocationRequest.Builder().setDurationMillis(1000).setMaxUpdateAgeMillis(5000).setPriority(Priority.PRIORITY_HIGH_ACCURACY).build()}//创建默认值private fun createDefaultLocation():Location{val location = Location("network")location.longitude = 0.0location.latitude = 0.0return location}
}

三，整合LocationManager和FusedLocationProviderClient

在获取定位时，可能会出现GPS定位未开启的情况，所以不管是LocationManager或FusedLocationProviderClient都需要判断当前服务是否可用，获取定位时，如果GPS信号较弱等异常情况下，就需要考虑到获取定位超时的情况，这里使用了协程，如FusedLocationProviderClient超过3秒未获取成功，则直接切换到LocationManager进行二次获取，这是提升获取经纬度成功的关键。

在实际项目中，如果对获取经纬度有较高的考核要求时，通过结合LocationManager和FusedLocationProviderClient如果还是获取不到，可考虑集成第三方的进行进一步获取，可以考虑使用华为的免费融合定位服务，因为我们使用过百度地图的sdk，每天会出现千万分之五左右的定位错误和定位漂移问题。

import android.Manifest
import android.app.Activity
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Context.LOCATION_SERVICE
import android.content.Intent
import android.location.Geocoder
import android.location.Location
import android.location.LocationManager
import android.provider.Settings
import android.util.Log
import androidx.annotation.RequiresPermission
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationServices
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import kotlinx.coroutines.withTimeout
import java.io.IOException
import java.util.*
import kotlin.coroutines.resumeobject LocationHelper {fun getLocationServiceStatus(context: Context):Boolean{return (context.getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE) as LocationManager).isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)}/*** 打开定位服务设置*/fun openLocationSetting(context: Context):Boolean{return try {val settingsIntent = Intent()settingsIntent.action = Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGSsettingsIntent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT)settingsIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)settingsIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY)settingsIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS)context.startActivity(settingsIntent)true} catch (ex: java.lang.Exception) {false}}/*** 获取当前定位*/@RequiresPermission(anyOf = [Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])suspend fun getLocation(context: Activity,timeOut: Long = 2000):Location{val location = getLocationByFusedLocationProviderClient(context)//默认使用FusedLocationProviderClient 如果FusedLocationProviderClient不可用或获取失败，则使用LocationManager进行二次获取Log.d("LocationHelper", "getLocation:$location")return  if (location.latitude == 0.0){getLocationByLocationManager(context, timeOut)}else{location}}@RequiresPermission(anyOf = [Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])private suspend fun getLocationByLocationManager(context: Activity,timeOut: Long = 2000):Location{Log.d("LocationHelper", "getLocationByLocationManager")val locationManager =  context.getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE) as LocationManager//检查LocationManager是否可用return  if (LocationManagerUtils.checkLocationManagerAvailable(locationManager)){//使用LocationManager获取当前经纬度val location = LocationManagerUtils.getCurrentPosition(locationManager, timeOut)if (location.latitude == 0.0){LocationManagerUtils.getLastLocation(locationManager)}else{location}}else{//获取失败，则采用默认经纬度LocationManagerUtils.createDefaultLocation()}}@RequiresPermission(anyOf = [Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])private suspend fun getLocationByFusedLocationProviderClient(context: Activity):Location{Log.d("LocationHelper", "getLocationByFusedLocationProviderClient")//使用FusedLocationProviderClient进行定位val fusedLocationClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(context)return if (FusedLocationProviderUtils.checkFusedLocationProviderAvailable(fusedLocationClient)){withContext(Dispatchers.IO){//使用FusedLocationProviderClient获取当前经纬度val location = FusedLocationProviderUtils.getCurrentPosition(fusedLocationClient)if (location.latitude == 0.0){FusedLocationProviderUtils.getLastLocation(fusedLocationClient)}else{location}}}else{LocationManagerUtils.createDefaultLocation()}}
}

注：因为获取定位是比较耗电的操作，在实际使用时，可增加缓存机制，比如2分钟之内频繁，则返回上一次缓存的数据，如果超过2分钟则重新获取一次，并缓存起来。

四，获取当前经纬度信息或经纬度转换地址

1，获取当前经纬度

 @RequiresPermission(anyOf = [Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])fun getCurrentLocation(activity:Activity){if (activity != null){val exceptionHandler = CoroutineExceptionHandler { _, exception ->}viewModelScope.launch(exceptionHandler) {val location = LocationHelper.getLocation(activity!!)val map = HashMap<String,String>()map["latitude"] ="${location.latitude}"map["longitude"] = "${location.longitude}"}}}

2，经纬度转换地址

 /*** @param latitude 经度* @param longitude 纬度* @return 详细位置信息*/suspend fun convertAddress(context: Context, latitude: Double, longitude: Double): String {return try {withTimeout(3000){suspendCancellableCoroutine {  continuation ->try {val mGeocoder = Geocoder(context, Locale.getDefault())val mStringBuilder = StringBuilder()if (Geocoder.isPresent()){val mAddresses = mGeocoder.getFromLocation(latitude, longitude, 1)if (mAddresses!= null &&mAddresses.size >0) {val address = mAddresses[0]Log.d("LocationUtils", "convertAddress()--->$address")mStringBuilder.append(address.getAddressLine(0)?:"").append(",").append(address.adminArea?:address.subAdminArea?:"").append(",").append(address.locality?:address.subLocality?:"").append(",").append(address.thoroughfare?:address.subThoroughfare?:"")}}if (continuation.isActive){continuation.resume(mStringBuilder.toString())}} catch (e: IOException) {Log.d("LocationUtils", "convertAddress()--IOException->${e.message}")if (continuation.isActive){continuation.resume("")}}}}}catch (e:Exception){Log.d("LocationUtils", "convertAddress()--->timeout")return ""}}

调用时：

fun covertAddress(latitude:double,longitude:double){if (activity != null){val exceptionHandler = CoroutineExceptionHandler { _, exception ->}viewModelScope.launch(exceptionHandler) {val hashMap = argument as HashMap<*, *>withContext(Dispatchers.IO){val address = LocationHelper.convertAddress(activity!!,"${hashMap["latitude"]}".toDouble(),"${hashMap["longitude"]}".toDouble())}}}}

注：经纬度转换地址时，需要开启一个线程或者协程进行转换，不然会阻塞主线程，引发异常。